Reaction Pathways
State the conditions of steps 1 and 2.
Step 1: Hydrogen halide gas OR concentrated hydrohalic acid (e.g. concentrated HCl). (NOT just ‘hydrochloric acid’ or ‘HCl’)
Step 2: Ammonia in a large excess, ethanolic conditions. (If dissolved in water, water will react with the chloropropane instead).
State the conditions of steps 1 and 2.
Step 1: HCN or KCN/NaCN in a strong acid.
Step 2: LiAlH4 dissolved in dry ether OR H2 and Ni catalyst.
State the reagents and conditions for steps 1 and 2.
Step 1: KCN or NaCN – ethanolic and heat under reflux.
Step 2: LiAlH4 dissolved in dry ether OR H2 and Ni catalyst.
State the conditions of steps 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Step 1: Heat, acid catalyst (conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4).
Step 2: Hydrogen bromide gas or concentrated hydrobromic acid.
Step 3: Excess ammonia, heat, ethanolic conditions.
Step 4: Ethanoyl chloride, anhydrous.
Step 1: Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, warm.
State the conditions of steps 2 and 3.
Step 2: Concentrated HCl and a Sn (Tin) catalyst, followed by NaOH.
Step 3: Methanoyl chloride, anhydrous.